How has “digital war” changed our understanding of war in the 21st century? Discuss in relation to the war in Ukraine.

Please use clear 12 pt. font,
1.5 or double-spaced, with adequate margins for all work. Please be consistent
in your style (paragraphs, spelling and capitalisation. Please use Harvard referencing
style as consistent referencing is essential both on grounds of
avoiding plagiarism, and to support your argument.

Doesn’t have to be the following for references.

Reading:

·       
Neilsen, R. (2023), Coding protection: ‘cyber humanitarian
interventions’ for preventing mass atrocities, International Affairs,
Volume 99, Issue 1, Pages 299–319

·       
Dunn Cavelty, M. (2008), Cyber-Terror—Looming
Threat or Phantom Menace? The Framing of the US Cyber-Threat Debate, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 4:1, 19-36.  

·       
Merrin, W. (2019) ‘Ambient War: Cyberwar everywhere’ Chapter
9 in Digital war : a critical introduction, Routledge, pp169-194

·       
Götz, E. & Staun, J. (2022) Why Russia attacked
Ukraine: Strategic culture and radicalized narratives, Contemporary Security Policy, 43:3, 482-497, 

·       
Jonsson, M. & Norberg, J. (2022) Russia’s War Against
Ukraine: Military Scenarios and Outcomes, Survival, 64:6, 91-122

·       
Fridman, O. Russian “Hybrid Warfare“:
Resurgence and Politicization

·       
Lupovici, A. (2023). Ontological
security, cyber technology, and states’ responses. European Journal
of International Relations, 29(1), 153–178

·       
Howlett, M. (2022) The Russian-Ukraine crisis reminds us that
the absence of war is not always peace. LSE Bog: