Our Mucosae, Gas Exchange, & Clinical Case Study: 43 Year-Old Woman with Gallstones

Part A:

1. Besides acting as mechanical barriers, the skin epidermis and mucosae of the body have other attributes that contribute to their protective roles. Cite the common body locations and the importance of mucus, lysozyme, keratin, acid
   pH, and cilia.
2. After a week of scuba diving in the Bahamas, Mary Ann boards an airplane. During her flight home, she develops aching joints, nausea, and dyspnea, which resolve upon landing. During the flight, the cabin pressure was equivalent to an altitude of 8000 feet. Explain her problems.
   

Part B:

Ms. Burton, 48, presents at the clinic complaining of abdominal pain. She is a middle-aged woman, overweight, pale and sweating, with jaundice (yellowish skin and sclerae). Her heart rate is 102 beats/min and BP is 145/98 mm Hg. She describes the pain as “severe” and “steady” over the past night, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. She sits leaning forward and indicates that the pain is in the epigastric region radiating up to the tip of the right shoulder. Ms. Burton’s medical history shows that she has had several episodes of biliary colic (pain caused by gallstones going through the bile duct). She says her current pain is “sort of like that, but it’s lasted longer.” She says her last meal was a seven-cheese pizza the
previous night, and that the pain began 3–4 hours after eating. She denies drinking or smoking.

1. Do any of Ms. Burton’s signs and symptoms suggest that her current problem is related to the biliary system? Why or why not?
2. Why would pain related to gallstones begin after a high-fat meal?
3. If Ms. Burton’s current problem is related to obstruction of the biliary ducts,
   which other signs or symptoms would you expect her to develop?