PLEASE READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS:
1. I
need a writing reply to the following
discussion posted:
Internal and External
Criticism of Middle Range Theory
When assessing middle-range theories in nursing, it is
essential to delve into their inherent weaknesses and how they relate to the
broader context. By carefully scrutinizing these theories, we gain valuable
perspectives on their authenticity, adaptability, and real-world research
implications. Internal critiques scrutinize the theory’s inner harmony and
logical soundness, whereas external evaluations explore its pertinence,
universality, and capacity to yield significant research findings.
Internal criticism involves a thorough examination of the
internal structure and reasoning of a theory. It scrutinizes the theory’s
fundamental ideas, explanations, assumptions, and statements to determine their
clarity, logic, and support. For instance, in nursing, when evaluating a
middle-range theory like the Health Belief Model (HBM), one can employ internal
criticism (Im, 2021). Assessing the HBM’s internal coherence involves analyzing
the precise definition and interconnection of its key concepts, such as
perception of vulnerability, severity, benefits, and barriers. This process
entails delving into the theory’s inner workings and creatively evaluating the
logical consistency and validity of its components.
Additionally, internal criticism involves evaluating the
theoretical foundation of a theory, particularly with existing nursing
knowledge and established theories or paradigms. When examining the
middle-range theory of Self-Efficacy in nursing, internal criticism seeks to
determine how effectively the theory incorporates and aligns with Bandura’s
social cognitive theory, which highlights the significance of self-efficacy in
influencing behavioral changes (Yeves, Bargsted & Ramírez-Vielma, 2019). In
simpler terms, internal criticism assesses how well a nursing theory fits into
the broader framework of existing knowledge and theories,
specifically by examining its integration with Bandura’s
social cognitive theory and its emphasis on the role of self-efficacy.
External criticism involves assessing the real-world relevance
and practicality of a theory, as well as its ability to produce valuable
research results. It focuses on whether the theory has been empirically
examined and verified through studies (Skivington et al., 2021). When
considering Transition Theory as a middle-range theory, external criticism
entails evaluating the extent and quality of research that has utilized this
theory to investigate how individuals navigate and cope with life transitions.
Furthermore, external criticism assesses the theory’s
ability to be applied across diverse populations, healthcare settings, and
cultural contexts. For example, when evaluating the Cultural Care Diversity and
Universality theory, external criticism examines its effectiveness in different
cultural contexts, highlighting its relevance and practicality (Ming, &
Goldenberg, 2021). Additionally, external criticism considers the theory’s
impact on nursing interventions and healthcare practices. For instance, when
reviewing the Self-Care Deficit Theory, external appraisal questions whether it
provides a framework for effective self-care interventions and guides nursing
practices in promoting patient autonomy and well-being.
References
Im, E. O. (2021). The Current Status of Theory Evaluation
in Nursing. Situation Specific Theories: Development, Utilization, and
Evaluation in Nursing, 323-337.
Ming, N. C., & Goldenberg, L. B. (2021). Research worth
using:(Re) framing research evidence quality for educational policymaking and
practice. Review of Research in Education, 45(1), 129-169.
Skivington, K., Matthews, L., Simpson, S. A., Craig, P.,
Baird, J., Blazeby, J. M., … & Moore, L. (2021). A new framework for
developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research
Council guidance. bmj, 374.
Yeves, J., Bargsted, M., & Ramírez-Vilma, R. (2019).
Professional self-efficacy and job satisfaction: The mediator role of work
design. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 35(3),
157-163.
2. It would be nice if the references used come from
the following sources: EBSCO, LIRN and ProQuest.
3. Those
references should be scholarly and no older than 5 years old.