{"id":5445,"date":"2023-02-26T17:25:31","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T17:25:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/eng-ehjpnvg\/"},"modified":"2023-02-26T17:25:31","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T17:25:31","slug":"eng-ehjpnvg","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/eng-ehjpnvg\/","title":{"rendered":"eng ehjpnvg"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"col-sm-12 messageContent\">\n <b>Learning Goal: <\/b>I&#8217;m working on a english discussion question and need the explanation and answer to help me learn.<\/p>\n<header>\n<h2>Instructions<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Activity 1: Gulf of Alaska Sediment Match<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><iframe title=\"Video player for [Untitled Tue Feb 07 2023 14:11:13 GMT-0800 (Pacific Standard Time)]\" data-media-type=\"video\" src=\"https:\/\/gcccd.instructure.com\/media_objects_iframe\/m-3qmeQs1YmDyC5UcQ6RE5TTxbXqV41t7y?type=video\" allowfullscreen allow=\"fullscreen\" data-media-id=\"m-3qmeQs1YmDyC5UcQ6RE5TTxbXqV41t7y\" style=\"border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); width: 400px; height: 225px; display: inline-block;\" rel=\"border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); width: 400px; height: 225px; display: inline-block;\"><\/iframe> <\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Your oceanography detective work involves matching sections of s<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ediment core (1- 7)<\/span><\/strong><\/em><br \/><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">with their description (A &#8211; G). <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">These cores came from a JOIDES <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">expedition to the Gulf of Alaska.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">There is no time limit and you have 2 attempts. Each letter matches only one number.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">For example, this is the answer for D: <strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">D. <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">5<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">.<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Description of Core Segments: <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">(scroll through the multiple choice questions and decide which image matches the description)<\/span><\/em><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">A.<\/span> <\/strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>Description<\/strong>:<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Volcanic Ash. Layers of sediment of a different color and texture within the core, varying<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">in color to light gray to brown.<\/span><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Identifying characteristics<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>:<\/strong> Layers a<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">re generally well<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">defined and volcanic origins are positively<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">identified by microscopic analysis of grains in smear slides and volcanic texture is identified with the<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">scanning electron microscope (SEM). <strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Volcanic ash has sharp edges.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Clues to the past:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Prov<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ides evidence for volcanic eruptions on land in the past. Radioactive elements<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">within volc<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">anic ash, such as potassium<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">40<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">, are useful for determining exact ages of the ash layers and<\/span><\/em><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><em>surrounding sediment<\/em>.<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>B<\/strong>.<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>Description<\/strong>:<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Mud is representative of typical de<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ep water sediments in the Gulf of Alaska.<\/span><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Identifying characteristics:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Mud is gray in color and consists of fine<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">grained particles (smaller than a<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">grain of sand).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Clues to the past:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Because of the very small grain size of mud particles, mud is usually deposited in calm<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">water environments where it can settle out of the water column. When mud is uniform in color and<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">doesn\u00e2\u20ac\u2122t contain other sedimentary features, scientists can infer that <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">the source of the sediment<\/span><\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">remained relatively constant.<\/span><\/em><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">C.<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Description:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Diatom Ooze. Sediments containing more than 50% diatoms is classified as \u00e2\u20ac\u0153diatom<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ooze.\u00e2\u20ac\ufffd<\/span><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Identifying characteristics<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>:<\/strong> Mud with a large percentage of diatoms (i.e. diatom ooze) often h<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">as a green<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ish color and a gritty texture. Diatoms are identified in sediments using a microscope. Diatoms come in<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">many shapes and are often symmetrical; <strong>the arrows point <\/strong><\/span><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">at radially symmetrical diatoms.<\/span><\/strong><br \/><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Clues<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">to the past:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Diatoms are among the most common type of photosynthetic plankton<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">(phytoplankton) living in the world\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s oceans and freshwater today. Because their shells are composed of<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">silica (a very strong mineral), diatoms living millions of years ago bec<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ome preserved in sediments when<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">they die, making them useful for determining ages of sediments. Diatoms also provide clues about the<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">environmental conditions in the earth\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s past because they thrive when nutrients and sunlight in the<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">upper layers of the oce<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">an are high and are absent when conditions for life are not favorable.<\/span><\/em><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">D.<\/span><\/strong> <strong>(5)<\/strong>. <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>Description<\/strong>:<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Sediment grains larger than 2 mm in size intermixed with mud.<\/span><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Identifying characteristics:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Sediment grains are poorly sorted, ranging in size from 2 mm to several<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">centimeters, and can appear as well defined layers in mud, or randomly distributed throughout<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">intervals of mud.<\/span><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>Clues to the past<\/strong>:<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Because the coarse sediment grains are poorly sort<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ed and randomly distributed<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">within a mud matrix, they were likely transported to the deep sea in ice bergs as ice rafted debris (IRD).<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Therefore, this texture in sediment cores provides evidence for the presence of ice in S. Alaska.<\/span><\/em><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">E.<\/span> <\/strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>Description<\/strong>:<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Mud,<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Sand, Silt. Layering of sediments (mud<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">sand<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">mud) or (mud<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">silt<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">mud) of different<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">particle sizes.<\/span><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Identifying characteristics:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Layers of fine<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">grained gray mud alternating with layers of sediment with<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">larger grain sizes, such as sand or silt. The layers are<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">different colors and textures. To quickly determine<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">grain size, sedimentologists rub a little bit of sediment between their fingers. If the particles feel gritty<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">like sand paper, this means more sand is present. If sediment grains slide past each other sm<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">oothly,<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">smaller grains such as silt and mud are present. Microscopes are used for a more quantitative<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">determination of grain size.<\/span><br \/><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Clues to the past:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">The layering of sediments represents a change in energy of the depositional<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">environment. Because more ene<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">rgy is required to transport larger particles (sand) than smaller particles<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">(mud), this change in sediment grain size could indicate that the intensity of fast moving currents<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">(turbidity currents) on the ocean floor increased, depositing coarser sediments <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">(sand and silt) in layers<\/span><\/span><\/em><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><em>with finer sediment (mud).<\/em><\/span><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">F.<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Description:<\/span> <\/strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Bioturbation. Sediments are distur<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">bed, or reworked, due to the activity of living<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">organisms (plants or animals) moving through the sediments. (Bio = life, turbation = disturbed)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><strong>Identifying characteristics<\/strong>:<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Commonly resulting from animals burrowi<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ng through sediments. In<\/span> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">cores<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">biot<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">urbation appears as a change in texture or color, often present as an overlapping network of<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">lines or wiggles.<\/span><br \/><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Clues to the past:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Burrowing, ingesting and defecating sediment grains, and filling in abandoned<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">dwelling<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">s are all examples of bioturbation caused by organisms that live in sediments on the seafloor.<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Bioturbation can provide evidence for organisms like annelids (ringed worms) and bivalves (mussels,<\/span><\/em><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\"><em>clams) at the seafloor.<\/em><\/span><br \/><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">G.<\/span><\/strong> <strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Description:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Dropstones. Fragments of rock within the sediment core.<\/span><br \/><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Identifying characteristics<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">: Varying in composition and generally <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">several centimeters in size, these rock fragments stand out from the surrounding muddy matrix.<\/span><br \/><em><strong><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Clues to the past:<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">Originating on land in S. Alaska, rock fragments travel to the deep sea in ice bergs<\/span><\/em><br \/><em><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">(rafted)<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">. Therefore, dropstones provide evidence for gla<\/span><span class=\"textLayer--absolute\">ciers and sea ice in S. Alaska.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-primary\" id=\"take_quiz_link\" data-method=\"post\" href=\"https:\/\/gcccd.instructure.com\/courses\/49717\/quizzes\/361681\/take?user_id=15042\">Take the Quiz<\/a>Question 12 pts<\/p>\n<p>Group of answer choicesB<br \/>A<br \/>F<br \/>E<br \/>Flag question: Question 2Question 22 pts<br \/>Group of answer choicesG<br \/>A<br \/>E<br \/>F<br \/>Flag question: Question 3Question 32 pts<br \/>Note: 3C is a microscope image of sediment shown in 3B. Arrows point to phytoplankton.<br \/>Group of answer choicesC<br \/>D<br \/>A<br \/>G<br \/>Flag question: Question 4Question 42 pts<br \/>Group of answer choicesC<br \/>A<br \/>G<br \/>F<br \/>Flag question: Question 5Question 52 pts<br \/>Group of answer choicesA<br \/>D<br \/>B<br \/>F<br \/>Flag question: Question 6Question 62 pts<br \/>Group of answer choicesG<br \/>F<br \/>B<br \/>C<br \/>Flag question: Question 7Question 72 pts<br \/>7E is Microscope image of 7B. Note sharp edged grains of sediment.<br \/>Group of answer choicesG<br \/>F<br \/>C<br \/>A<br \/>Not saved<br \/>\n <\/header>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learning Goal: I&#8217;m working on a english discussion question and need the explanation and answer to help me learn. Instructions Activity 1: Gulf of Alaska Sediment Match Your oceanography detective work involves matching sections of sediment core (1- 7)with their description (A &#8211; G). These cores came from a JOIDES expedition to the Gulf of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[186],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/5445"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5445"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/5445\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=5445"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=5445"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=5445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}