{"id":25913,"date":"2023-08-05T15:11:05","date_gmt":"2023-08-05T15:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/what-particular-insights-have-anthropologists-brought-to-the-study-of-west-african-diasporas\/"},"modified":"2023-08-05T15:11:05","modified_gmt":"2023-08-05T15:11:05","slug":"what-particular-insights-have-anthropologists-brought-to-the-study-of-west-african-diasporas","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/what-particular-insights-have-anthropologists-brought-to-the-study-of-west-african-diasporas\/","title":{"rendered":"What particular insights have anthropologists brought to the study of West African diasporas?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: var(--color-6);\">Anthropology insights about diaspora:<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: var(--color-6);\">Definition<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">Diversity in Afro Diaspora: Caribbean, US, South America, Europe, Asia, all vs Africa Natives and emmigration<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Demography<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Localities<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"cursor: auto;\">\n<div style=\"cursor: auto;\">Multilocality&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"cursor: auto;\">Afropolitanism<\/div>\n<div style=\"cursor: auto;\">Afropea<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Religion, tradition and believes<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: var(--color-6);\">Assimilation and Influence in the world<\/span><\/div>\n<div>Apperances and physical fitures<\/div>\n<div>Languages<\/div>\n<div>Belonging<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Social progress<\/span><\/div>\n<div>Arts<\/div>\n<div>Adaptation<\/div>\n<div>Creativity<\/div>\n<div>Social fights and strugles<\/div>\n<div>Invisibilisation&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>extraversion<\/div>\n<div>Bio-Medecin<\/div>\n<div>Workforce<\/div>\n<div>Reverse-diaspora<\/div>\n<div><b><u><br \/><\/u><\/b><\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><b><u>Course elements of reference:<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Diaspora is a long-term feature of West African history.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-size: 12pt; font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: var(--color-6);\">This diaspora has taken many forms, from the slave diasporas of the middle passage and to North Africa, but also through the migrations of West Africans to other parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe in the twentieth century.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6);\">Diaspora has been a special vantage point to think about geopolitics and global history.<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">T<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">he so-called second diaspora, which resulted in the growth of West African communities in the metropolitan centres of Europe and North America, through the lens of music and fashion.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-size: 12pt; font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: var(--color-6);\">In 2016, the Senegalese philosopher and musician Felwine Sarr predicted that the African continent would soon overtake China and the other BRICS \u2013 the acronym coined to associate the five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa \u2013 as a new \u2018global creative and economic force redrawing the picture of the world\u2019.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a key agent in this process.<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span>Not only is the DRC, with the largest coltan and cobalt reserves in the world, the centre in the global dynamics of extractive capitalism, it is also the birthplace of La Sape:<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><i style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des ambianceurs et des personnes elegantes<\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;(\u2018Society of Atmosphere-setters and Elegant People\u2019).<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6);\">What we see here is a kind of reverse diasporic movement:<\/span><i style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">sapeurs<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6);\">travel to Paris and Brussels to buy expensive European designer clothes, but their main aim is to return to Kinshasa and Brazzaville to dress up in the latest style to impress their countrymen and women.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6);\">This spectacular subculture illustrates Sarr\u2019s argument that Africa is the motor of a cultural revolution.<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\"><u>Key watching:<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto;\">P<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">ortraying the Sordid Shadow of Colonial History: Yinka Shonibare | Brilliant Ideas Ep. 4<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">(a video on the British-Nigerian Artist Yinka Shonibare whose work and life engages with themes of diaspora and Afro-modernity)<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=x0rAIMV0k4M<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\"><b><u>Key readings:<\/u><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: var(--color-6);\">Arnfred, S. 2019. \u2018Holding the World Together: African Women in Changing Perspective\u2019, in<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Women in Africa and the Diaspora<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: var(--color-6);\">, N. Achebe and C. Robertson (eds.), 295\u2013315. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6);\">Diouf, M. 2000. \u2018The Senegalese Murid Trade Diaspora and the Making of a Vernacular Cosmopolitanism\u2019,<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">Public Culture<\/i><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6);\">12 (3): 679\u2013702.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 15px; cursor: auto;\">Lovejoy, P.E. 2000. \u2018Identifying Enslaved Africans in the African Diaspora\u2019, in<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"cursor: auto;\">Identity in the Shadow of Slavery<\/i>, P.E. Lovejoy (ed.), 1\u201329. London: Continuum.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"font-size: 15px; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Akyeampong, E. 2000. \u2018Africans in the Diaspora: The Diaspora and Africans\u2019,<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"cursor: auto;\">African Affairs<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/i>99: 183\u2013216.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a style=\"font-size: 15px; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Gandoulou, J.-D. 2008. \u2018Between Paris and Bacongo &amp; Dandies in Bacongo\u2019, in P.<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">Geschiere, B. Meyer, and P. Pels (eds.),<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"cursor: auto;\">Readings in Modernity in Africa<\/i>, 194\u2013205. Suffolk: James Currey.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\"><u><b>Background readings:<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\"><u><b><br \/><\/b><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\">\n<ul style=\"font-size: 11pt;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Babou, C.A. 2002. \u2018Brotherhood Solidarity, Education and Migration: The Role of the Dahiras among the Murid Community of New York\u2019,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">African Affairs<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">101: 151\u2013170.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Buggenhagen, B. 2012.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Muslim Families in Global Senegal: Money Takes Care of Shame<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Ebron, P. A. 2002.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Performing Africa<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">. Princeton: Princeton University Press.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-size: 12pt; font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: var(--color-6);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Gilroy, P. 1993.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness.<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Cambridge: Harvard University Press<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Green, T. 2011.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">The Rise of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in Western Africa, 1300\u20131589<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Harris, H. 2006.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Yoruba in Diaspora: An African Church in London<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Johnson, M.C. 2006. \u2018\u201cThe Proof is on my Palm\u201d: Debating Ethnicity, Islam and Ritual in a New African Diaspora\u2019,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Journal of Religion in Africa<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">36 (1): 50\u201377.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Mann, K. and E.G. Bay (eds.). 2001.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Rethinking the African Diaspora: The Making of a Black Atlantic World in the Bight of Benin and Brazil.<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">London: Frank Cass.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Matory, J.L. 2005.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candombl\u00e9<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">. Princeton: Princeton University Press.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Okpewho, I. and N. Nzegwu (eds.). 2009.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">The New African Diaspora<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Palmi\u00e9, S. (ed.). 2008.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Africas of the Americas: Beyond the Search for Origins in the Study of Afro-Atlantic Religions<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">. Leiden: Brill.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Rasmussen, S.J. 2003. \u2018When the Field Space Comes to the Home Space. New Constructions of Ethnographic Knowledge in a New African Diaspora\u2019,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Anthropological Quarterly<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">76 (1): 7\u201332.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Saffran, J .1991. \u2018Diasporas in Modern Societies Myths of a Homeland and Return\u2019,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Diaspora<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">1 (1): 83\u201399.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">Schramm, K. 2010.<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><i style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">African Homecoming: Pan-African Ideology and Contested Heritage<\/span><\/i><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Stoller, P. 2003. \u2018Marketing Afrocentricity: West African Trade Networks in North America\u2019, in<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">New African Diasporas<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">, K. Koser (ed.), 71\u201394. London: Routledge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">Ter Haar, G. 1998.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Halfway to Paradise: African Christians in Europe<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">. Cardiff: Cardiff Academic Press.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">White, B. 2002. \u2018Congolese Rumba and other Cosmopolitanisms\u2019,<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">Cahiers d\u2019\u00e9tudes africaines<\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">168:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: var(--color-6); color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit;\">663\u2013686.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">Ze<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">leza P, T. 2005. \u2018Rewriting the African diaspora: Beyond the Black Atlantic\u2019,<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"cursor: auto;\">African Affairs<\/i><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span>104 (414): 35\u201368.<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">Also relevant is<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto;\">Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie\u2019s novel<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><i style=\"cursor: auto;\">Americanah<\/i><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span>(2013).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 15px; cursor: auto;\"><a style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anthropology insights about diaspora: Definition Diversity in Afro Diaspora: Caribbean, US, South America, Europe, Asia, all vs Africa Natives and emmigration Demography Localities Multilocality&nbsp; Afropolitanism Afropea Religion, tradition and believes Assimilation and Influence in the world Apperances and physical fitures Languages Belonging Social progress Arts Adaptation Creativity Social fights and strugles Invisibilisation&nbsp; extraversion Bio-Medecin Workforce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[902],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/25913"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25913"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/25913\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=25913"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=25913"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=25913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}