{"id":23175,"date":"2023-07-06T01:27:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T01:27:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/read-text-ch-11-4-especially-goal-an-informative-powerpoint-presentation-explain-an-outside-interest-of-yours-riding-motorcycles-following-guidelines-in-text-assemble-visuals-to-be-used-deve\/"},"modified":"2023-07-06T01:27:22","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T01:27:22","slug":"read-text-ch-11-4-especially-goal-an-informative-powerpoint-presentation-explain-an-outside-interest-of-yours-riding-motorcycles-following-guidelines-in-text-assemble-visuals-to-be-used-deve","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/read-text-ch-11-4-especially-goal-an-informative-powerpoint-presentation-explain-an-outside-interest-of-yours-riding-motorcycles-following-guidelines-in-text-assemble-visuals-to-be-used-deve\/","title":{"rendered":"Read Text, Ch. 11.4 especially Goal:  An informative Powerpoint Presentation. Explain an outside interest of yours: Riding Motorcycles  Following guidelines in text, assemble visuals to be used   Develop your presentation outline using those visuals"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"margin: 0in 0in 24pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">11.4 Visual Aids<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in -13.35pt 13.35pt; line-height: 16.8pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Learning Objective<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 45pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">1.<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Demonstrate how to use<br \/>\nvisual aids effectively in your presentation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Almost all presentations<br \/>\ncan be enhanced by the effective use of visual aids. These can include<br \/>\nhandouts, overhead transparencies, drawings on the whiteboard, PowerPoint<br \/>\nslides, and many other types of props. Visual aids are an important nonverbal<br \/>\naspect of your speech that you can control. Once you have chosen a topic, you<br \/>\nneed to consider how you are going to show your audience what you are talking<br \/>\nabout.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Have you<br \/>\never asked for driving directions and not understood someone\u2019s response? Did<br \/>\nthe person say, \u201cTurn right at Sam\u2019s Grocery Store, the new one\u201d or \u201cI think<br \/>\nyou will turn at the second light, but it might be the third one\u201d? Chances are<br \/>\nthat unless you know the town well or have a map handy, the visual cue of a<br \/>\ngrocery store or a traffic light might be insufficient to let you know where to<br \/>\nturn. Your audience experiences the same frustration, or sense of<br \/>\naccomplishment, when they get lost or find their way during your speech.<br \/>\nConsider how you can express yourself visually, providing common references,<br \/>\nillustrations, and images that lead the audience to understand your point or<br \/>\nissue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Visual<br \/>\naids accomplish several goals:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Make your speech more interesting<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Enhance your credibility as a speaker<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Serve as guides to transitions, helping the audience stay on track<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Communicate complex or intriguing information in a short period of<br \/>\n     time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Reinforce your verbal message<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Help the audience use and retain the information<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 21pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Purpose,<br \/>\nEmphasis, Support, and Clarity<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">When you look at your own<br \/>\npresentation from an audience member\u2019s perspective, you might consider how to<br \/>\ndistinguish the main points from the rest of the information. You might also<br \/>\nconsider the relationships being presented between ideas or concepts, or how<br \/>\nother aspects of the presentation can complement the oral message.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Your<br \/>\naudience naturally will want to know why you are presenting the visual aid. The<br \/>\npurpose for each visual aid should be clear, and almost speak for itself. If<br \/>\nyou can\u2019t quickly grasp the purpose of a visual aid in a speech, you have to<br \/>\nhonestly consider whether it should be used in the first place. Visual aids can<br \/>\nsignificantly develop the message of a speech, but they must be used for a<br \/>\nspecific purpose the audience can easily recognize.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Perhaps<br \/>\nyou want to highlight a trend between two related issues, such as socioeconomic<br \/>\nstatus and educational attainment. A line graph might show effectively how, as<br \/>\nsocioeconomic status rises, educational attainment also rises. This use of a<br \/>\nvisual aid can provide emphasis, effectively highlighting key words, ideas, or<br \/>\nrelationships for the audience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Visual<br \/>\naids can also provide necessary support for your position. Audience members may<br \/>\nquestion your assertion of the relationship between socioeconomic status and<br \/>\neducational attainment. To support your argument, you might include on the<br \/>\nslide, \u201cAccording to the U.S. Department of Education Study no. 12345,\u201d or even<br \/>\nuse an image of the Department of Education Web page projected on a large<br \/>\nscreen. You might consider showing similar studies in graphic form,<br \/>\nillustrating similarities across a wide range of research.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.5in 0in 0in; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24.5pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Figure 11.4<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Visual aids provide necessary support for your position,<br \/>\nillustrate relationships, and demonstrate trends.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Austin Kleon \u2013&nbsp;<a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">powerpoint as a comic<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Clarity is key in the use<br \/>\nof visual aids. One way to improve clarity is to limit the number of words on a<br \/>\nPowerPoint slide. No more than ten words per slide, with a font large enough to<br \/>\nbe read at the back of the room or auditorium, is a good rule of thumb. Key<br \/>\nimages that have a clear relationship to the verbal message can also improve<br \/>\nclarity. You may also choose to illustrate the same data successively in two<br \/>\ndistinct formats, perhaps a line graph followed by two pie graphs. Your central<br \/>\ngoal is to ensure your visual aid is clear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 21pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Methods<br \/>\nand Materials<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">If you have been asked to<br \/>\ngive a presentation on a new product idea that a team within your organization<br \/>\nis considering, how might you approach the challenge? You may consider a<br \/>\nchronological organization pattern, starting with background, current market,<br \/>\nand a trend analysis of what is to come\u2014fair enough, but how will you make it<br \/>\nvivid for your audience? How to represent information visually is a significant<br \/>\nchallenge, and you have several options.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">You may<br \/>\nchoose to use a chart or&nbsp;diagram&nbsp;to show a timeline of events to<br \/>\ndate, from the first meeting about the proposed product to the results from the<br \/>\nlatest focus group. This timeline may work for you, but let\u2019s say you would<br \/>\nlike to get into the actual decision-making process that motivated your team to<br \/>\ndesign the product with specific features in the first place. You may decide to<br \/>\nuse decision trees (or tree diagrams) showing the variables and products in<br \/>\nplace at the beginning of your discussions, and how each decision led to the<br \/>\nnext, bringing you to the decision-making point where you are today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.5in 0in 0in; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24.5pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Figure 11.5<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Visual aids make it vivid for your audience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Gareth Saunders \u2013&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Welcome<br \/>\nto Powerpoint<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;\u2013 CC BY-SA 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">To complement this<br \/>\ncomprehensive guide and help make a transition to current content areas of<br \/>\nquestions, you may use a bar or pie graph to show the percentage of competing<br \/>\nproducts in the market. If you have access to the Internet and a projector, you<br \/>\nmay use a topographical map showing a three-dimensional rendering of the local<br \/>\nareas most likely to find your product attractive. If actual hills and valleys<br \/>\nhave nothing to do with your project, you can still represent the data you have<br \/>\ncollected in three dimensions. Then you may show a comparable graph<br \/>\nillustrating the distribution of products and their relative degree of market<br \/>\npenetration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.5in 0in 0in; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24.5pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Figure 11.6<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Bar and pie graphs can clearly demonstrate results.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Christopher Porter \u2013&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">EuroTrip2006<br \/>\n\u2013 Total Expenses<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;\u2013 CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Finally, you may move to<br \/>\nthe issue of results, and present the audience with a model of your product and<br \/>\none from a competitor, asking which they prefer. The object may be just the<br \/>\nvisual aid you need to make your point and reinforce the residual message. When<br \/>\nwe can see, feel, touch, or be in close proximity to an object it often has a<br \/>\ngreater impact. In a world of digital images and special effects, objects<br \/>\npresented in real time can still make a positive effect on the audience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Additional<br \/>\nvisual aids you may choose include\u2014but are not limited to\u2014sound and music,<br \/>\nvideo, and even yourself. If your speech is about how to use the product, your<br \/>\ndemonstration may just be the best visual aid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">You will<br \/>\nwant to give some thought to how to portray your chart, graph, or object when<br \/>\nit\u2019s time to use your visual aids. The chalk or white board is common way of<br \/>\npresenting visual aids, but it can get messy. Your instructor may write key<br \/>\nwords or diagrams on the boards while discussing a textbook chapter, but can<br \/>\nyou read his or her writing? The same lesson holds true for you. If you are<br \/>\ngoing to use a white board and have a series of words on it, write them out<br \/>\nclearly before you start your presentation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Flip<br \/>\ncharts on a pedestal can also serve to show a series of steps or break a chart<br \/>\ndown into its basic components. A poster board is another common way of<br \/>\norganizing your visual aids before a speech, but given its often one-time use,<br \/>\nit is losing out to the computer screen. It is, however, portable and allows<br \/>\nyou a large \u201cblank page\u201d with which to express your ideas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Handouts<br \/>\nmay also serve to communicate complex or detailed information to the audience,<br \/>\nbut be careful never to break handout rule number one: never give handouts to<br \/>\nthe audience at the beginning of your speech. Where do you want the audience to<br \/>\nlook\u2014at you or at the handout? Many novice speakers might be tempted to say the<br \/>\nhandout, but you will no doubt recognize how that diverts and divides the<br \/>\naudience\u2019s attention. People will listen to the words from the handout in their<br \/>\nminds and tune you out. They will read at their own pace and have questions.<br \/>\nThey may even be impolite enough to use them as fans or paper airplanes.<br \/>\nHandouts can be your worst enemy. If you need to use one, state at the<br \/>\nbeginning of the speech that you will be providing one at the conclusion of<br \/>\nyour presentation. This will alleviate the audience\u2019s worry about capturing all<br \/>\nyour content by taking notes, and keep their attention focused on you while you<br \/>\nspeak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Transparencies<br \/>\nand slides have been replaced by computer-generated slide show programs like<br \/>\nPowerPoint by Microsoft, which we will discuss in greater detail later in this<br \/>\nsection. These programs can be very helpful in presenting visual information,<br \/>\nbut because computers and projectors sometimes break down and fail to work as<br \/>\nplanned, you need a plan B. You may need a poster board, or to write on the<br \/>\nwhiteboard or to have a handout in reserve, but a Plan B is always a good idea<br \/>\nwhen it comes to presentations that integrate technology. You may arrive at<br \/>\nyour destination and find the equipment is no longer available, is incompatible<br \/>\nwith your media storage device, or is simply not working, but the show must go<br \/>\non.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Video<br \/>\nclips, such as those you might find on YouTube, can also be effective visual<br \/>\naids. However, as with handouts, there is one concern: You don\u2019t want the<br \/>\naudience to want to watch the video more than they want to tune into your<br \/>\npresentation. How do you prevent this? Keep the clip short and make sure it<br \/>\nreinforces the central message of your presentation. Always stop speaking<br \/>\nbefore the audience stops listening, and the same holds true for the<br \/>\nmesmerizing force of moving images on a screen. People are naturally attracted<br \/>\nto them and will get \u201csucked into\u201d your video example rather quickly. Be a good<br \/>\neditor, introduce the clip and state what will happen out loud, point out a key<br \/>\naspect of it to the audience while it plays (overlap), and then make a clear<br \/>\ntransitional statement as you turn it off. Transitions are often the hardest<br \/>\npart of any speech as the audience can get off track, and video clips are one<br \/>\nof the most challenging visual aids you can choose because of their power to<br \/>\nattract attention. Use that power wisely.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 21pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Preparing<br \/>\nVisual Aids<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Get started early so that<br \/>\nyou have time to create or research visual aids that will truly support your<br \/>\npresentation, not just provide \u201cfluff.\u201d Make sure you use a font or image large<br \/>\nenough to be legible for those in the back of the room, and that you actually<br \/>\ntest your visual aids before the day of your presentation. Ask a friend to<br \/>\nstand at the back of the room and read or interpret your visual aid. If you are<br \/>\nusing computer-generated slides, try them out in a practice setting, not just<br \/>\non your computer screen. The slides will look different when projected. Allow<br \/>\ntime for revision based on what you learn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Your<br \/>\nvisual aids should meet the following criteria:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Big<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. They should be legible for everyone, and should be \u201cback row<br \/>\n     certified.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Clear<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. Your audience should \u201cget it\u201d the first time they see it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Simple<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. They should serve to simplify the concepts they illustrate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Consistent<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. They should reinforce continuity by using the same visual style.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 21pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Using<br \/>\nVisual Aids<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Here are three general<br \/>\nguidelines to follow when using visual aids (McLean, S., 2003). Here are<br \/>\nsome&nbsp;<i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">do<\/i>s and&nbsp;<i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">don\u2019t<\/i>s:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 0.5in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">1.<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Do make a clear connection between your words and the<br \/>\nvisual aid for the audience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">2.<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Do not distract the audience with your visual aid, blocking<br \/>\ntheir view of you or adjusting the visual aid repeatedly while trying to speak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">3.<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Do speak to your audience\u2014not to the whiteboard, the video,<br \/>\nor other visual aids.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">The timing of your<br \/>\npresentation, and of your visual aids, can also have good or bad consequences.<br \/>\nAccording to a popular joke, a good way to get your boss to approve just about<br \/>\nanything is to schedule a meeting after lunch, turn the lights down, and<br \/>\npresent some boring PowerPoint slides. While the idea of a drowsy boss signing<br \/>\noff on a harebrained project is amusing, in reality you will want to use visual<br \/>\naids not as a sleeping potion but as a strategy to keep your presentation<br \/>\nlively and interesting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Becoming<br \/>\nproficient at using visual aids takes time and practice, and the more you<br \/>\npractice before your speech, the more comfortable you will be with your visual<br \/>\naids and the role they serve in illustrating your points. Planning ahead before<br \/>\nspeaking will help, but when it comes time to actually give your speech, make<br \/>\nsure they work for the audience as they should. Speaking to a visual aid (or<br \/>\nreading it with your back to the audience) is not an effective strategy. You<br \/>\nshould know your material well enough that you refer to a visual aid, not rely<br \/>\non it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 21pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Using<br \/>\nPowerPoint as a Visual Aid<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">PowerPoint and similar<br \/>\nvisual representation programs can be an effective tool to help audiences<br \/>\nremember your message, but they can also be an annoying distraction to your<br \/>\nspeech. How you prepare your slides and use the tool will determine your<br \/>\neffectiveness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">PowerPoint<br \/>\nis a slideware program that you have no doubt seen used in class, presentation<br \/>\nat work, or perhaps used yourself to support a presentation. PowerPoint and<br \/>\nsimilar slideware programs provide templates for creating&nbsp;electronic<br \/>\nslides&nbsp;to present visual information to the audience, reinforcing the<br \/>\nverbal message. You\u2019ll be able to import, or cut and paste, words from text<br \/>\nfiles, images, or video clips to create slides to represent your ideas. You can<br \/>\neven incorporate Web links. When using any software program, it\u2019s always a good<br \/>\nidea to experiment with it long before you intend to use it, explore its many<br \/>\noptions and functions, and see how it can be an effective tool for you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 17pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Video Clip<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Intercultural<br \/>\nCommunication<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(click to see video)<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">PowerPoint<br \/>\nslides can connect words with images.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">At first, you might be<br \/>\noverwhelmed by the possibilities, and you might be tempted to use all the<br \/>\nbells, whistles, and sound effects, not to mention the tumbling, flying, and<br \/>\nanimated graphics. If used wisely, a dissolve or key transition can be like a<br \/>\nwell-executed scene from a major motion picture film and lead your audience to<br \/>\nthe next point. But if used indiscriminately, it can annoy the audience to the<br \/>\npoint where they cringe in anticipation of the sound effect at the start of<br \/>\neach slide. This danger is inherent in the tool, but you are in charge of it<br \/>\nand can make wise choices that enhance the understanding and retention of your<br \/>\ninformation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">The<br \/>\nfirst point to consider is what is the most important visual aid? The answer is<br \/>\nyou, the speaker. You will facilitate the discussion, give life to the<br \/>\ninformation, and help the audience correlate the content to your goal or<br \/>\npurpose. You don\u2019t want to be in a position where the PowerPoint presentation<br \/>\nis the main focus and you are on the side of the stage, simply helping the<br \/>\naudience follow along. It should support you in your presentation, rather than<br \/>\nthe other way around. Just as there is a number one rule for handouts, there is<br \/>\nalso one for PowerPoints: do not use PowerPoints as a read-aloud script for<br \/>\nyour speech. The PowerPoints should amplify and illustrate your main points,<br \/>\nnot reproduce everything you are going to say.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Your<br \/>\npictures are the second area of emphasis you\u2019ll want to consider. The tool will<br \/>\nallow you to show graphs, charts and illustrate relationships that words may<br \/>\nonly approach in terms of communication, but your verbal support of the visual<br \/>\nimages will make all the difference. Dense pictures or complicated graphics<br \/>\nwill confuse more than clarify. Choose clear images that have an immediate<br \/>\nconnection to both your content and the audience, tailored to their specific<br \/>\nneeds. After images, consider only key words that can be easily read to<br \/>\naccompany your pictures. The fewer words the better: try to keep each slide to<br \/>\na total word count of less than ten words. Do not use full sentences. Using key<br \/>\nwords provides support for your verbal discussion, guiding you as well as your<br \/>\naudience. The key words can serve as signposts or signal words related to key<br \/>\nideas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">A<br \/>\nnatural question at this point is, \u201cHow do I communicate complex information<br \/>\nsimply?\u201d The answer comes with several options. The visual representation on<br \/>\nthe screen is for support and illustration. Should you need to communicate more<br \/>\ntechnical, complex, or in-depth information in a visual way, consider preparing<br \/>\na handout to distribute at the conclusion of your speech. You may also consider<br \/>\nusing a printout of your slide show with a \u201cnotes\u201d section, but if you<br \/>\ndistribute it at the beginning of your speech, you run the risk of turning your<br \/>\npresentation into a guided reading exercise and possibly distracting or losing<br \/>\nmembers of the audience. Everyone reads at a different pace and takes notes in<br \/>\ntheir own way. You don\u2019t want to be in the position of going back and forth<br \/>\nbetween slides to help people follow along.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Another<br \/>\npoint to consider is how you want to use the tool to support your speech and<br \/>\nhow your audience will interpret its presentation. Most audiences wouldn\u2019t want<br \/>\nto read a page of text\u2014as you might see in this book\u2014on the big screen. They\u2019ll<br \/>\nbe far more likely to glance at the screen and assess the information you<br \/>\npresent in relation to your discussion. Therefore, it is key to consider one<br \/>\nmain idea, relationship, or point per slide. The use of the tool should be<br \/>\nguided with the idea that its presentation is for the audience\u2019s benefit, not<br \/>\nyours. People often understand pictures and images more quickly and easily than<br \/>\ntext, and you can use this to your advantage, using the knowledge that a<br \/>\npicture is worth a thousand words.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 21pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Use of<br \/>\nColor<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">People love color, and<br \/>\nunderstandably your audience will appreciate the visual stimulation of a<br \/>\ncolorful presentation. If you have ever seen a car painted a custom color that<br \/>\njust didn\u2019t attract you, or seen colors put together in ways that made you<br \/>\nwonder what people were thinking when they did that, you will recognize that<br \/>\ncolor can also distract and turn off an audience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Color is<br \/>\na powerful way to present information, and the power should be used wisely. You<br \/>\nwill be selecting which color you want to use for headers or key words, and how<br \/>\nthey relate the colors in the visual images. Together, your images, key words,<br \/>\nand the use of color in fonts, backgrounds, table, and graphs can have a<br \/>\nsignificant impact on your audience. You will need to give some thought and<br \/>\nconsideration to what type of impact you want to make, how it will contribute<br \/>\nor possibly distract, and what will work well for you to produce an effective<br \/>\nand impressive presentation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">There<br \/>\nare inherent relationships between colors, and while you may have covered some<br \/>\nof this information in art classes you have taken, it is valuable to review<br \/>\nhere. According to the standard color wheel, colors are grouped into primary,<br \/>\nsecondary, and tertiary categories. Primary colors are the colors from which<br \/>\nother colors are made through various combinations. Secondary colors represent<br \/>\na combination of two primary colors, while tertiary colors are made from combinations<br \/>\nof primary and secondary colors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.5in 0in 0in; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24.5pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Figure 11.7&nbsp;Color Wheel<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Michael Hernandez \u2013&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">color<br \/>\nwheel<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;\u2013 CC BY 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Primary colors<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. Red, blue and yellow<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Secondary colors<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. Green, violet, and orange<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Tertiary colors<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">. Red-orange, red-violet,<br \/>\n     blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-orange, and yellow-green<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Colors have relationships<br \/>\ndepending on their location on the wheel. Colors that are opposite each other<br \/>\nare called complementary and they contrast, creating a dynamic effect.<br \/>\nAnalogous colors are located next to each other and promote harmony,<br \/>\ncontinuity, and sense of unity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Your<br \/>\naudience comes first: when considering your choice of colors to use, legibility<br \/>\nmust be your priority. Contrast can help the audience read your key terms more<br \/>\neasily. Also, focus on the background color and its relation to the images you<br \/>\nplan to incorporate to insure they complement each other. Consider repetition<br \/>\nof color, from your graphics to your text, to help unify each slide. To reduce<br \/>\nvisual noise, try not to use more than two or three additional colors. Use<br \/>\ncolors sparingly to make a better impact, and consider the use of texture and<br \/>\nreverse color fonts (the same as a background or white) as an option.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Be aware<br \/>\nthat many people are blue-green colorblind, and that red-green colorblindness<br \/>\nis also fairly common. With this in mind, choose colors that most audience<br \/>\nmembers will be able to differentiate. If you are using a pie chart, for<br \/>\nexample, avoid putting a blue segment next to a green one. Use labeling so that<br \/>\neven if someone is totally colorblind they will be able to tell the relative<br \/>\nsizes of the pie segments and what they signify.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Color is<br \/>\nalso a matter of culture. Some colors may be perceived as formal or informal,<br \/>\nor masculine or feminine. Recognize that red is usually associated with danger,<br \/>\nwhile green signals \u201cgo.\u201d Make sure the color associated with the word is<br \/>\nreflected in your choice. If you have a key word about nature, but the color is<br \/>\nmetallic, the contrast may not contribute to the rhetorical situation and<br \/>\nconfuse the audience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Seeking<br \/>\na balance between professionalism and attractiveness may seem to be a<br \/>\nchallenge, but experiment and test your drafts with friends to see what works<br \/>\nfor you. Also consider examining other examples, commonly available on the<br \/>\nInternet, but retain the viewpoint that not everything online is effective nor<br \/>\nshould it be imitated. There are predetermined color schemes already incorporated<br \/>\ninto PowerPoint that you can rely on for your presentation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">We\u2019ve<br \/>\ngiven consideration to color in relation to fonts and the representation of key<br \/>\nwords, but we also need to consider font size and selection. PowerPoint will<br \/>\nhave default settings for headlines and text, but you will need to consider<br \/>\nwhat is most appropriate for your rhetorical situation. Always think about the<br \/>\nperson sitting in the back of the room. The title size should be at least forty<br \/>\npoints, and the body text (used sparingly) should be at least thirty-two<br \/>\npoints.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.5in 0in 0in; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24.5pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Figure 11.8<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 12pt 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Visual aids should be clear from the back of the room.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Martin Roell \u2013&nbsp;<a style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Powerpoint + Sonne = \u2026<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 CC BY-SA 2.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">In&nbsp;<i style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Designing<br \/>\nVisual Language: Strategies for Professional Communicators<\/i>&nbsp;(Kostelnick,<br \/>\nC., and Roberts, D., 1998), Charles Kostelnick and David Roberts provide a<br \/>\nvaluable discussion of fonts, font styles, and what to choose to make an impact<br \/>\ndepending on your rhetorical situation. One good principle they highlight is<br \/>\nthat sans serif fonts such as Arial work better than serif fonts like Times New<br \/>\nRoman for images projected onto a screen. The thin lines and extra aspects to<br \/>\nserif the font may not portray themselves well on a large screen or contribute<br \/>\nto clarity. To you this may mean that you choose Arial or a similar font to<br \/>\nenhance clarity and ease of reading. Kostelnick and Roberts also discuss the<br \/>\nuse of grouping strategies to improve the communication of information<br \/>\n(Kostelnick, C., and Roberts, D., 1998). Bullets, the use of space, similarity,<br \/>\nand proximity all pertain to the process of perception, which differs from one<br \/>\nperson to another.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 21pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Helpful Hints<br \/>\nfor Visual Aids<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">As we\u2019ve discussed, visual<br \/>\naids can be a powerful tool when used effectively, but can also run the risk of<br \/>\ndominating your presentation. As a speaker, you will need to consider your<br \/>\naudience and how the portrayal of images, text, graphic, animated sequences, or<br \/>\nsound files will contribute or detract from your presentation. Here is a brief<br \/>\nlist of hints to keep in mind as you prepare your presentation.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Keep visual aids simple.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Use one key idea per slide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Avoid clutter, noise, and overwhelming slides.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Use large, bold fonts that the audience can read from at least<br \/>\n     twenty feet from the screen.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Use contrasting colors to create a dynamic effect.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Use analogous colors to unify your presentation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Use clip art with permission and sparingly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Edit and proofread each slide with care and caution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Use copies of your visuals available as handouts after your<br \/>\n     presentation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Check the presentation room beforehand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-top: 6pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">With a PowerPoint presentation, or any presentation involving<br \/>\n     technology, have a backup plan, such as your visuals printed on<br \/>\n     transparencies, should unexpected equipment or interface compatibility<br \/>\n     problems arise<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin: 0.25in 0in 0in; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Becoming proficient at<br \/>\nusing visual aids takes time and practice. The more you practice before your<br \/>\nspeech, the more comfortable you will be with your visual aids and the role<br \/>\nthey serve in illustrating your message. Giving thought to where to place<br \/>\nvisual aids before speaking helps, but when the time comes to actually give<br \/>\nyour speech, make sure you reassess your plans and ensure that they work for<br \/>\nthe audience as they should. Speaking to a visual aid (or reading it to the<br \/>\naudience) is not an effective strategy. Know your material well enough that you<br \/>\nrefer to your visual aids, not rely on them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in -13.35pt 13.35pt; line-height: 16.8pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Key Takeaway<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.5pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Strategically<br \/>\nchosen visual aids will serve to illustrate, complement, and reinforce your<br \/>\nverbal message.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>11.4 Visual Aids Learning Objective 1. Demonstrate how to use visual aids effectively in your presentation. Almost all presentations can be enhanced by the effective use of visual aids. These can include handouts, overhead transparencies, drawings on the whiteboard, PowerPoint slides, and many other types of props. Visual aids are an important nonverbal aspect of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[706],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/23175"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23175"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/23175\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=23175"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=23175"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=23175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}