{"id":20389,"date":"2023-05-20T17:41:44","date_gmt":"2023-05-20T17:41:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/what-measures-if-any-are-justifled-as-a-way-of-protecting-the-voting-rights-of-citizens-and-particularly-of-citizens-who-are-members-of-croups-that-have-faced-a-history-of-discrimination-why-or-if\/"},"modified":"2023-05-20T17:41:44","modified_gmt":"2023-05-20T17:41:44","slug":"what-measures-if-any-are-justifled-as-a-way-of-protecting-the-voting-rights-of-citizens-and-particularly-of-citizens-who-are-members-of-croups-that-have-faced-a-history-of-discrimination-why-or-if","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/what-measures-if-any-are-justifled-as-a-way-of-protecting-the-voting-rights-of-citizens-and-particularly-of-citizens-who-are-members-of-croups-that-have-faced-a-history-of-discrimination-why-or-if\/","title":{"rendered":"What measures, if any, are Justifled as a way of protecting the voting rights of citizens and particularly of citizens who are members of croups that have faced a history of discrimination? Why? Or if the answer is none, why are none justified"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">(1) A thesis paragraph<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\"> <\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">telling your reader what you will be trying to show. More detail is generally<\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">better if you have a proposal for action. You can give all of that detail in this paragraph or make it<\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">two paragraphs to fit the detail. If that detail would make this section too long, just tell your reader<\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">that you will be favoring the kinds of measures you will give more distinguishing detail about in your<\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">discussion of what works based on the empirical evidence you present.<\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">A thesis paragraph is important because they help your reader understand what you are up to and they just<\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">make the essay easier to follow.<\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">(2)<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\"> <\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">An explicit statement of the<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\"> <\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">normative principle or principles<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\"> <\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">you are relying on to justify<\/span><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">this answer.<\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\"> <\/span><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\">This may be a short paragraph, or it may take a bit more than a paragrap<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"margin-right: -918px; margin-bottom: -918px; font-size: 16.47px; cursor: auto;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 6pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\">Several paragraphs explaining the empirical information that you think works together<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">with your normative principles to justify your thesis.<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">In other words, describe which empirical<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">claims together with your Normative Principle lead to the conclusion that is your thesis. Empirical<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">claims should be supported with evidence. Often a general empirical claim will be supported by a<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">more specific claim about which you can find evidence. For instance, you may say that a certain<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">policy will be effective \u2013 that\u2019s a general claim. And then you can support that claim with a more<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">specific claim, such as that that sort of policy worked in a particular place in the past or that there<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">are studies that show that kind of policy is likely to wo<\/span>rk.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 6pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 6pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Somewhere in these paragraphs you will want to show your reader how these empirical&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">claims fit together with your thesis to support your conclusion. In other words, don\u2019t leave it to your reader to figure out how the empirical claims fit with the normative claims to support your<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">conclusion. Try to help you reader see the connection. In order to do that you may have to explain<\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--color-1); font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">some conceptual claims that make the connection tighter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 37.5pt 0in 37.5pt 0.5in; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 6pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">A defense of the normative principle or principles you use in your argument.<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">Why should<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">we act in accordance with the Normative Principle you favor? (This question asks for a defense of<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">the normative principle that is a premise in your argument, not another independent defense of the<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">thesis.) This might come right after you tell your readers what your normative premises are, but it<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">could also wait until the end of the paper.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 6pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">\u00b7<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">We will want citations for the evidence offered in your paper, as well as some citation to those who<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">helped you in writing it. The citation format can be any such format you are used to using &#8211; different fields<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">use different formats. Some fields use in-text (author, date, page) references to entries in a bibliography<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">collected at the end. Others use a footnote number<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">1<\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">providing the same sort of information. If one includes<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">all the needed information in the footnote the paper may not need a bibliography at the end. The important<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">thing is that we be able to look up what you used and figure out who wrote it, and exactly where they said<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">it. Online materials should include a URL, but we should also learn the author, title, publication venue and<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">date for those items from whatever format you us<\/span>e.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(1) A thesis paragraph telling your reader what you will be trying to show. More detail is generallybetter if you have a proposal for action. You can give all of that detail in this paragraph or make ittwo paragraphs to fit the detail. If that detail would make this section too long, just tell your [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[702],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/20389"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20389"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/20389\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=20389"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=20389"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=20389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}