{"id":20386,"date":"2023-05-20T16:30:16","date_gmt":"2023-05-20T16:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/tianxia-and-the-system-of-regional-ethnic-autonomy-the-construction-of-nation-state-in-china\/"},"modified":"2023-05-20T16:30:16","modified_gmt":"2023-05-20T16:30:16","slug":"tianxia-and-the-system-of-regional-ethnic-autonomy-the-construction-of-nation-state-in-china","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/tianxia-and-the-system-of-regional-ethnic-autonomy-the-construction-of-nation-state-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Tianxia and The System of Regional Ethnic Autonomy: The Construction of Nation-State in China"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"line-height: 21px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<ul style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: var(--main-font-size); line-height: 21px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\" data-group=\"1-1\">The duplicate checking rate needs to be less than 20%<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: var(--main-font-size); line-height: 21px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\" data-group=\"1-1\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-size: var(--main-font-size); background-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;;\">More than 5000 words<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<div style=\"line-height: 21px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"font-size: var(--main-font-size); line-height: 21px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\" data-group=\"0-0\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">The outline has been written<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin: 8px 0px 0px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br \/><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Title:<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br \/>\nTianxia and The System of Regional Ethnic Autonomy: The Construction of<br \/>\nNation-State in China<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Main<br \/>\nIdea: <\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">As already revealed in the title, the aim of<br \/>\nthis paper is to discuss the differences and connections between the three<br \/>\nconcepts of ethnic, nation and state in the Chinese context. The main thesis of<br \/>\nthis paper is that the construction of the nation-state in modern China relies<br \/>\non a division between the enemy and the self that serves an objective of<br \/>\nstruggle, which shapes the image of the &#8216;Chinese nation&#8217; (China as a nation)<br \/>\nand manifests itself as a grand unified polity (China as a state), while the<br \/>\nethnic groups are unified under the Chinese nation, whose role is to maintain<br \/>\nthe unified polity (rather than to divide it). The purpose of this paper is to<br \/>\nrefute those who attribute the foundations of the system of regional ethnic<br \/>\nautonomy to the Tianxia system; instead, it will argue that the construction of<br \/>\nthe nation-state in modern China is a stressful crystallization of the Tianxia<br \/>\nsystem when it encounters the Other, where the Hua\/Yi distinction contained in<br \/>\nthe Tianxia system is invalidated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; background-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">1.<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; background-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto;\">Introduction:<br \/>\nEthnic, Nation and State<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">a)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">In<br \/>\nChina, the relationship between the three concepts of ethnic group, nation and<br \/>\nstate is ambiguous: on the one hand, China claims to be a unified nation, the<br \/>\nChinese nation, while on the other hand, there are 56 ethnic groups, including<br \/>\nHan and other ethnic minorities, on Chinese land. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">b)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">China<br \/>\nas a state, on the one hand, claims to be founded on the Chinese nation (the<br \/>\nnation-state), while on the other hand its dominance over some ethnic<br \/>\nminorities is not secure and even faces a great crisis of legitimacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">c)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Some<br \/>\nscholars have attempted to explain these phenomena in terms of the Tianxia<br \/>\nsystem, but it is the goal of this paper to critique this explanatory strategy<br \/>\nand to argue that the Tianxia system has been greatly weakened in the process<br \/>\nof nation-state construction in modern China and replaced by a struggle-centred<br \/>\nconstruction. And as a result, the system of regional ethnic autonomy was born.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; background-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">2.<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; background-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto;\">Tianxia<br \/>\nand The System of Regional Ethnic Autonomy<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.1 The Tianxia System<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">a)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">The<br \/>\nTianxia system is a dynamic system which includes both Hua and Yi, the former<br \/>\nimplying civilizational orthodoxy and the latter being designated by orthodoxy<br \/>\nas alien. The system is said to be dynamic because the identity roles of Hua<br \/>\nand Yi change in certain situations, and this is because the content of civilization<br \/>\nand the group&#8217;s reception of that content is dynamic. In addition, Hua and Yi<br \/>\nwill undergo a reversal of identity due to a change in power.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">b)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">It<br \/>\nhas been argued that the Tianxia system not only existed in ancient China, but<br \/>\nalso laid the foundation for the multi-ethnic unification narrative and the<br \/>\nconstruction of a grand unified nation-state polity in modern China.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">c)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">However,<br \/>\nthere are some clear differences that can be observed: the unstable Hua\/Yi<br \/>\nrelationship is inconsistent with fixed national identification; and while in<br \/>\nancient China Tianxia was conceived as an imaginary of the cosmos, modern China<br \/>\n&#8211; as a nation-state &#8211; has placed itself within the world system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.2 The Crystallization<br \/>\nof The Tianxia System<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">a)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">At<br \/>\nthe heart of the Tianxia system lies the identification of orthodoxy through a<br \/>\nsystem of culture and symbols, and it is on the basis of symbolic instability<br \/>\nthat the whole world is constructed as a whole, and all forces, whether Hua or<br \/>\nYi, can be positioned within this order.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">b)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">This<br \/>\nimaginary of the world was shattered when ancient China began to be invaded by<br \/>\nother, more powerful nations, and the process that followed was the<br \/>\nconsolidation of forces within Tianxia, and it was at this point that the<br \/>\nprocess of constructing the Chinese nation took place, in which Hua and Yi were<br \/>\nseen as equal groups that formed an alliance against a foreign enemy (the<br \/>\nNational United Front against Japan, for example, was self-organized against<br \/>\nthis enemy).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">c)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">This<br \/>\ncrystallized Tianxia system needed a clear boundary to identify itself so that<br \/>\nit could have equal international status with other states, and this was the<br \/>\nbirth of China as a state. In this sense, China becomes a nation-state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.3 The System of Regional<br \/>\nEthnic Autonomy<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 22pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">a)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">The<br \/>\nbirth and consolidation of the Chinese nation was accompanied by struggles,<br \/>\nsuch as the anti-colonial struggle and the class struggle. The identification<br \/>\nof ethnic groups was also an operation carried out by the government to<br \/>\nconsolidate the unified status of the Chinese nation after the founding of New<br \/>\nChina.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 22pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">b)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Of<br \/>\ncourse, some remnants of the Tianxia system can be seen in this system, such as<br \/>\nthe dominance of the Han over the other minorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 22pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">c)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">However,<br \/>\nthe purpose of identifying the ethnic minorities is, on the one hand, to affirm<br \/>\ntheir status institutionally so that these marginalized groups can be easily<br \/>\nmanaged and ruled, and on the other hand, to accept them culturally as part of<br \/>\nthe Chinese nation. These are both intended to create a unified nation-state,<br \/>\nnot to reproduce that dichotomous Tianxia system. (The GCSE system and some<br \/>\nofficial promotional texts can be used as evidence)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; background-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">3.<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; background-color: transparent; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, Roboto, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, &quot;Noto Sans&quot;, sans-serif, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto;\">Conclusion:<br \/>\nThe Construction of Nation-State in China<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 22pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">a)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8220;The<br \/>\nTianxia system, in which &#8216;nothing under heaven is kingdom&#8217;, was broken down and<br \/>\nChina urgently needed to position itself within the nation-state-dominated<br \/>\nworld system, and then crystallize itself culturally and politically into a<br \/>\nunified whole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 22pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">b)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">For<br \/>\nthis reason, many marginalized groups had to be included in order to maintain<br \/>\nthe historical continuity of the Chinese nation and the stability of central<br \/>\ngovernment rule, and the system of regional ethnic autonomy was born, replacing<br \/>\nthe Soviet-style system of ethnic self-determination.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 22pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">c)<span style=\"font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">It<br \/>\nwas not that infinite system of Tianxia that made China a nation-state, but the<br \/>\nprocess of struggle that transformed Tianxia from infinite to finite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The duplicate checking rate needs to be less than 20% More than 5000 words The outline has been written Title: Tianxia and The System of Regional Ethnic Autonomy: The Construction of Nation-State in China &nbsp; Main Idea: As already revealed in the title, the aim of this paper is to discuss the differences and connections [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[681],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/20386"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20386"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/20386\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=20386"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=20386"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=20386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}