{"id":18960,"date":"2023-05-08T04:01:38","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T04:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/how-fundamental-is-race-to-the-moral-and-or-political-thought-of-locke-and-kant\/"},"modified":"2023-05-08T04:01:38","modified_gmt":"2023-05-08T04:01:38","slug":"how-fundamental-is-race-to-the-moral-and-or-political-thought-of-locke-and-kant","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/how-fundamental-is-race-to-the-moral-and-or-political-thought-of-locke-and-kant\/","title":{"rendered":"How fundamental is race to the moral and\/or political thought of Locke and Kant?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">IMPORTANT, ESSAY SHOULD BE WRITTEN THIS WAY:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<ul style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span>Need for in text citation<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"> <b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">every time<\/b><\/span> a source is cited using harvard style (ex: Kant, 1995, p.15).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Need to analyze what &#8216;fundamental&#8217; means in this question in the introduction.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">this essay needs to show how race is or is not fundamental to their moral thoughts and also evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments and defend the argument of the essay.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">This essay should be built on the readings i have provided in pdf and below cited, they are my primary readings and need to be the central source of information.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">KANT:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<div style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<div style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211; PDF 1: Some of<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Kant\u2019s<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">comments on race are collected in chapter 4 of Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Race and the Enlightenment: A Reader<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">(1997)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8211; PDF 2: (could be used as counter argument)&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">For the view that Kant was personally racist but that his moral theory is not at heart racist, see<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Thomas Hill and Bernard Boxill, \u2018Kant and race\u2019, in Bernard Boxill, ed.,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Race and Racism<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">(2001),<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&#8211; PDF 3:&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">critique of Kant\u2019s racism is Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze, \u2018The color of reason: the idea of \u201crace\u201d in Kant\u2019s anthroplogy\u2019,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">The Bucknell Review<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">38:2 (1995)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&#8211; PDF 4:&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Robert Bernasconi also<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">argues that Kant\u2019s moral<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">theory is at heart racist. Start with his<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">\u2018Will the real Kant please stand up\u2019,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Radical Philosophy<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">117 (2003)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&#8211; PDF 5:&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">A typically penetrating account is offered by Charles Mills, \u2018Kant\u2019s untermenschen\u2019<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-caps: inherit;\">&#8211; PDF 6:&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">How could Kant (and others) profess universal claims about humanity and yet exclude so many? An answer is given by Thomas McCarthy in chapter 2 of<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Race, Empire, and the Idea of Human Development<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">(2009)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">LOCKE:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&#8211; PDF 7 &#8211; LOCKE: John Bishop&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">argues that Locke\u2019s po<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">litical arguments were essentially designed to justify dispossessing Native Americans, in&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&nbsp;\u2018Locke\u2019s theory of original appropriation and the right of settlement in<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Iroquois<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">territory\u2019,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Canadian Journal of Philosophy<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">27:3 (1997).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&#8211; (web link to view chp)&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">For a counter-<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">argument, see Kathy Squadrito, CHP 6 \u2018Locke and the dispossession of the American Indian\u2019,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">in Ward and Lott.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">web link:&nbsp;https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Philosophers_on_Race\/UauQbwLOxo8C?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=+\u2018Locke+and+the+dispossession+of+the+American+Indian&amp;pg=PA101&amp;printsec=frontcover<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.666666984558105px;\">&#8211; PDF 8: POV that LOCKE is racist:&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Robert Bernasconi and Anika Maaza<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Mann, \u2018The contradictions of<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">racism: Locke, slavery, and the<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Two Treatises<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">\u2019,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">in Valls<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">&#8211; PDF 9:&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">David Armitage,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">\u2018John Locke, Carolina, and the<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Two Treatises of Government<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">\u2019,<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Political Theory<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">32:5 (2004), on connections between the<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Two Treatises<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">and Locke\u2019s 1682 revisions to the<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">Fundamental Constitutions of the Carolinas<\/span><span style=\"color: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-size: 11pt; cursor: auto;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<ul style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span>What matters most is that you offer a clear answer to the essay question, that you build convincing arguments to defend that answer, and that in doing so you select and draw upon relevant literature in ways that serve your arguments. In this sense, your essay should certainly be <span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">analytical rather than just descriptive.&nbsp;<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span><b style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&#8220;Critically&#8221; evaluating:&nbsp;<\/b>While you are expected to robustly account for the author&#8217;s ideas and argument, you need to have a clear argument of your own.&nbsp; That argument should explain to your reader what is important, significant, interesting, contradictory, or insufficient about the text&#8217;s conceptualization.&nbsp; Such arguments are often produced by examining not only what an author says, but also how they say it.&nbsp; How are concepts being deployed?&nbsp; What do they assume or take for granted?&nbsp; What are the salient conceptual oppositions or contrasts or juxtapositions?&nbsp; This is part of the process of figuring out how an author puts together their argument and what is perhaps important (or disturbing or unusual) about it. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span>It\u2019s always&nbsp;good to anticipate any likely objections to the argument that you are making and to pre- empt those objections. What points might a critic make to try to call your argument into question? How would you respond to those points?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span>At the same time, it\u2019s important not to end up sitting on the fence. It\u2019s not a good thing to&nbsp;say&nbsp;\u201cthere are arguments for X and arguments for not-X\u201d and&nbsp;just leave it at that. You should take a position in response to the question and argue in defence of that position. Dealing with any potential objections to your arguments should be part of that process.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Your emphasis should be on&nbsp;interpretation rather than recounting historical\/empirical detail. For example, for question 1, giving us lots of detail about what Kant thought about the different races does not tell us how&nbsp;fundamental&nbsp;race was to his theory. That is not a conclusion you can simply read off from what Kant writes: it is a separate step&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;an interpretation, an inference&nbsp;based on&nbsp;what he wrote but not&nbsp;contained in&nbsp;what he wrote.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">There is no need to compare the 2 authers, you can talk about 1 and then talk about the other one in a seperate section. you can compare but it is not a requirement.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">ESSAY PLAN:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">Your essay should include:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span>an introduction which clearly states your thesis (your answer to the question, summarised in one or two sentences),&nbsp;briefly explains the arguments that you\u2019ll make to&nbsp;defend that thesis, justifies your choice of case studies (if applicable), and offers a brief&nbsp;\u201croadmap\u201d&nbsp;of the essay explaining very concisely how it will be structured<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span>a main body, in which you build those arguments to defend your thesis: Point, Evidence, Explanation, weakness of argument and strengths, counter argument + weakness and strength of counter argument &#8211;<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp; <\/span>analyze if argument is sound or not. but keep it relevant to what you&#8217;re arguing)<span style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px; line-height: normal; cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/span>a conclusion, in which you briefly summarise your thesis and arguments, evaluate them and reflect on their significance&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;why do these arguments matter?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><br style=\"cursor: auto; color: inherit;\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IMPORTANT, ESSAY SHOULD BE WRITTEN THIS WAY:&nbsp; Need for in text citation every time a source is cited using harvard style (ex: Kant, 1995, p.15). Need to analyze what &#8216;fundamental&#8217; means in this question in the introduction.&nbsp; this essay needs to show how race is or is not fundamental to their moral thoughts and also [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[762],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/18960"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18960"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/18960\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=18960"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=18960"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=18960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}