{"id":12189,"date":"2023-04-05T06:00:50","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T06:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/nature-vs-nurture-the-research-paper-will-a-debate-if-people-are-influenced-more-by-nature-or-nurture-or-a-combination-of-the-two-etc-for-this-module\/"},"modified":"2023-04-05T06:00:50","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T06:00:50","slug":"nature-vs-nurture-the-research-paper-will-a-debate-if-people-are-influenced-more-by-nature-or-nurture-or-a-combination-of-the-two-etc-for-this-module","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/questions\/nature-vs-nurture-the-research-paper-will-a-debate-if-people-are-influenced-more-by-nature-or-nurture-or-a-combination-of-the-two-etc-for-this-module\/","title":{"rendered":"Nature vs. Nurture The research paper will a debate if people are influenced more by nature or nurture or a combination of the two, etc. For this module,"},"content":{"rendered":"

uded in this guide are suggestions for formatting and writing each component of a research report as<\/p>\n

well as tips for writing in a style appropriate for Psychology papers. Remember, it is always best to check\n<\/div>\n
with your department-approved writing book and your professor if you have any questions or concerns.\n<\/div>\n
Component 1: The Title Page\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 On the right side of the header, type the first 2-3 words of your full title followed by the page\n<\/div>\n
number. This header will appear on every page of you report.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 At the top of the page, type flush left the words \u201cRunning head:\u201d followed by an abbreviation of\n<\/div>\n
your title in all caps. This abbreviation should consist of the key words in your title and should be\n<\/div>\n
no more than 50 characters, spaces and punctuation included.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 A couple of lines down, center your full title. The full title should indentify your topic as precisely\n<\/div>\n
as possible using about 10-12 words. Often it is a good idea to incorporate your independent and\n<\/div>\n
dependent variables into the title.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Underneath the full title, type your name. Under your name, type the organization you are\n<\/div>\n
writing your paper for (most likely University of Portland).\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Your title, name and organization should be double-spaced.\n<\/div>\n
Component 2: The Abstract\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Start a new page and center the word \u201cAbstract\u201d at the top of the page.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The Abstract should not be written until you have finished all the other components of your\n<\/div>\n
report because it is a summary of your entire report.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The Abstract should tell your reader:\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Your research question\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The participants (including how many were used)\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The method used to investigate your question\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Your results\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The implications of your results\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not indent the first line of the Abstract and only use one paragraph.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 All sections of your paper should be double-spaced, including the Abstract.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The Abstract should be no more than 120 words.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Be concise but specific. Do not include any unnecessary information.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 If you are having a hard time, try writing a one-sentence summary for each section of your paper.\n<\/div>\n
Component 3: The Introduction\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Start a new page and center your full title at the top of the page.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Type flush left and indent the first line of every paragraph.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Begin the first paragraph of the Introduction with a sentence that introduces your topic. It\u2019s ok\n<\/div>\n
to make a general statement; the point is to introduce your reader to what your paper is about.uded in this guide are suggestions for formatting and writing each component of a research report as\n<\/div>\n
well as tips for writing in a style appropriate for Psychology papers. Remember, it is always best to check\n<\/div>\n
with your department-approved writing book and your professor if you have any questions or concerns.\n<\/div>\n
Component 1: The Title Page\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 On the right side of the header, type the first 2-3 words of your full title followed by the page\n<\/div>\n
number. This header will appear on every page of you report.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 At the top of the page, type flush left the words \u201cRunning head:\u201d followed by an abbreviation of\n<\/div>\n
your title in all caps. This abbreviation should consist of the key words in your title and should be\n<\/div>\n
no more than 50 characters, spaces and punctuation included.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 A couple of lines down, center your full title. The full title should indentify your topic as precisely\n<\/div>\n
as possible using about 10-12 words. Often it is a good idea to incorporate your independent and\n<\/div>\n
dependent variables into the title.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Underneath the full title, type your name. Under your name, type the organization you are\n<\/div>\n
writing your paper for (most likely University of Portland).\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Your title, name and organization should be double-spaced.\n<\/div>\n
Component 2: The Abstract\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Start a new page and center the word \u201cAbstract\u201d at the top of the page.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The Abstract should not be written until you have finished all the other components of your\n<\/div>\n
report because it is a summary of your entire report.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The Abstract should tell your reader:\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Your research question\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The participants (including how many were used)\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The method used to investigate your question\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Your results\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The implications of your results\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not indent the first line of the Abstract and only use one paragraph.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 All sections of your paper should be double-spaced, including the Abstract.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The Abstract should be no more than 120 words.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Be concise but specific. Do not include any unnecessary information.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 If you are having a hard time, try writing a one-sentence summary for each section of your paper.\n<\/div>\n
Component 3: The Introduction\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Start a new page and center your full title at the top of the page.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Type flush left and indent the first line of every paragraph.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Begin the first paragraph of the Introduction with a sentence that introduces your topic. It\u2019s ok\n<\/div>\n
to make a general statement; the point is to introduce your reader to what your paper is about.<\/div>\n
\u2022 The rest of the first paragraph will give some general information about your topic and briefly\n<\/div>\n
discuss how it has been addressed in previous research. If you need to define any relevant\n<\/div>\n
terms, here is the place to do so.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Next is the Lit Review. Before you begin to write, decide on what order you will address the\n<\/div>\n
studies that you found. Do not just summarize the research chronologically; instead, organize\n<\/div>\n
the research by topic. You will also want to start out broad and then narrow to your topic, which\n<\/div>\n
usually means that you should start with the studies that are loosely connected to your own\n<\/div>\n
study and end with the studies that are most closely related to your study.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 At the end of the Introduction, you need to state your hypothesis. You can do this explicitly by\n<\/div>\n
saying something like \u201cThe purpose of this study was to…\u201dor \u201cThe present study was designed\n<\/div>\n
to investigate…\u201d. It is very important to relate your hypothesis back to the studies that you\n<\/div>\n
referenced in your Lit Review so that your hypothesis has some basis in previous research. Make\n<\/div>\n
sure to clearly express this connection.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 You may also want to include a very broad overview of the method you will use to test your\n<\/div>\n
hypothesis.\n<\/div>\n
Component 4: The Method Section\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not start a new page. Center the word \u201cMethod\u201d at the start of the section.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 This section will contain a detailed account of what you did so that someone else can conduct\n<\/div>\n
the experiment exactly as you did if needed.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The Method section usually is divided into three subsections: participants, materials and\n<\/div>\n
procedure.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Underneath \u201cMethod\u201d, type flush left the word \u201cParticipants\u201d and italicize it. This subsection\n<\/div>\n
should describe who participated in your study. You will want to include information about the\n<\/div>\n
number of participants used in the study, where they come from and the selection criteria as\n<\/div>\n
well as any other important characteristics like age, sex, education level, or occupation. Be sure\n<\/div>\n
to mention if participants were given any type of reward or motivation to encourage them to\n<\/div>\n
participate in the study.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Underneath the Participants section, type flush left the word \u201cMaterials\u201d and italicize it. This\n<\/div>\n
subsection should document any materials or equipment used in your study such as a\n<\/div>\n
stopwatch, slide projector, specific papers, word lists or any other supplies.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Underneath the Materials section, type flush left the word \u201cProcedure\u201d and italicize it. This\n<\/div>\n
subsection should present a complete summary of what happened in the study. You should\n<\/div>\n
include:\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The experimental design that was used (between, within, mixed), and the independent\n<\/div>\n
and dependent variables\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Any controls that were used\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 How participants were assigned to conditions\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Important aspects of the instructions given to participants\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 What the participants did, step-by-step\n<\/div>\n
Component 5: The Results Section\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not start a new page. Center the word \u201cResults\u201d at the start of the section.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 This section will include a concise summary of the data you have collected and the results of the\n<\/div>\n
statistical analysis if you performed one. Along with a summary of your data, you might include:\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Results of descriptive and inferential statistical analyses\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Rejection or retention of the null hypothesis\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 If an effect is found, the direction of the effect\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 If necessary, a summary table or tables of the results\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 If necessary, a figure or figures to display the data\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not interpret your findings; that will be part of the Discussion.\n<\/div>\n
Component 6: The Discussion\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not start a new page. Center the word \u201cDiscussion\u201d at the start of the section.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 In this section, you will interpret your findings and describe the implications of your study.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 In your Discussion, make sure to:\n<\/div>\n
1) Discuss your results in relation to your hypothesis. Did your results support your\n<\/div>\n
hypothesis? If so, how?\n<\/div>\n
2) Compare your results to those of the studies mentioned in your Lit Review.\n<\/div>\n
3) Identify and discuss limitations in the experimental design that may have reduced the\n<\/div>\n
strength of your results. Were there any confounding variables? Was your sample size\n<\/div>\n
too small?\n<\/div>\n
4) Make suggestions for future research. If you were to perform the study again, how might\n<\/div>\n
you change it? Would it be a good idea to study a different demographic?\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Avoid overstating the importance of your findings. Be modest rather than expansive.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 At the end of the Discussion, make a final summary statement of the conclusions you have\n<\/div>\n
drawn. When appropriate, you might want to comment on the importance and relevance of\n<\/div>\n
your findings. How are your findings related to the big picture?\n<\/div>\n
Component 7: References\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Start a new page and center the word \u201cReferences\u201d at the top.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Use APA guidelines for documenting sources.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The references listed in the Reference section must match those used in the body of the report.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Only list references that you read in entirety. For example, if you read about Study X in Study Y\u2019s\n<\/div>\n
report, you should only include Study Y in the reference Section. Study X should be cited (using\n<\/div>\n
secondary source citation format) in the lit review.\u2022 The rest of the first paragraph will give some general information about your topic and briefly\n<\/div>\n
discuss how it has been addressed in previous research. If you need to define any relevant\n<\/div>\n
terms, here is the place to do so.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Next is the Lit Review. Before you begin to write, decide on what order you will address the\n<\/div>\n
studies that you found. Do not just summarize the research chronologically; instead, organize\n<\/div>\n
the research by topic. You will also want to start out broad and then narrow to your topic, which\n<\/div>\n
usually means that you should start with the studies that are loosely connected to your own\n<\/div>\n
study and end with the studies that are most closely related to your study.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 At the end of the Introduction, you need to state your hypothesis. You can do this explicitly by\n<\/div>\n
saying something like \u201cThe purpose of this study was to…\u201dor \u201cThe present study was designed\n<\/div>\n
to investigate…\u201d. It is very important to relate your hypothesis back to the studies that you\n<\/div>\n
referenced in your Lit Review so that your hypothesis has some basis in previous research. Make\n<\/div>\n
sure to clearly express this connection.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 You may also want to include a very broad overview of the method you will use to test your\n<\/div>\n
hypothesis.\n<\/div>\n
Component 4: The Method Section\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not start a new page. Center the word \u201cMethod\u201d at the start of the section.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 This section will contain a detailed account of what you did so that someone else can conduct\n<\/div>\n
the experiment exactly as you did if needed.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The Method section usually is divided into three subsections: participants, materials and\n<\/div>\n
procedure.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Underneath \u201cMethod\u201d, type flush left the word \u201cParticipants\u201d and italicize it. This subsection\n<\/div>\n
should describe who participated in your study. You will want to include information about the\n<\/div>\n
number of participants used in the study, where they come from and the selection criteria as\n<\/div>\n
well as any other important characteristics like age, sex, education level, or occupation. Be sure\n<\/div>\n
to mention if participants were given any type of reward or motivation to encourage them to\n<\/div>\n
participate in the study.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Underneath the Participants section, type flush left the word \u201cMaterials\u201d and italicize it. This\n<\/div>\n
subsection should document any materials or equipment used in your study such as a\n<\/div>\n
stopwatch, slide projector, specific papers, word lists or any other supplies.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Underneath the Materials section, type flush left the word \u201cProcedure\u201d and italicize it. This\n<\/div>\n
subsection should present a complete summary of what happened in the study. You should\n<\/div>\n
include:\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The experimental design that was used (between, within, mixed), and the independent\n<\/div>\n
and dependent variables\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Any controls that were used\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 How participants were assigned to conditions\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Important aspects of the instructions given to participants\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 What the participants did, step-by-step\n<\/div>\n
Component 5: The Results Section\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not start a new page. Center the word \u201cResults\u201d at the start of the section.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 This section will include a concise summary of the data you have collected and the results of the\n<\/div>\n
statistical analysis if you performed one. Along with a summary of your data, you might include:\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Results of descriptive and inferential statistical analyses\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Rejection or retention of the null hypothesis\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 If an effect is found, the direction of the effect\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 If necessary, a summary table or tables of the results\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 If necessary, a figure or figures to display the data\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not interpret your findings; that will be part of the Discussion.\n<\/div>\n
Component 6: The Discussion\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Do not start a new page. Center the word \u201cDiscussion\u201d at the start of the section.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 In this section, you will interpret your findings and describe the implications of your study.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 In your Discussion, make sure to:\n<\/div>\n
1) Discuss your results in relation to your hypothesis. Did your results support your\n<\/div>\n
hypothesis? If so, how?\n<\/div>\n
2) Compare your results to those of the studies mentioned in your Lit Review.\n<\/div>\n
3) Identify and discuss limitations in the experimental design that may have reduced the\n<\/div>\n
strength of your results. Were there any confounding variables? Was your sample size\n<\/div>\n
too small?\n<\/div>\n
4) Make suggestions for future research. If you were to perform the study again, how might\n<\/div>\n
you change it? Would it be a good idea to study a different demographic?\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Avoid overstating the importance of your findings. Be modest rather than expansive.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 At the end of the Discussion, make a final summary statement of the conclusions you have\n<\/div>\n
drawn. When appropriate, you might want to comment on the importance and relevance of\n<\/div>\n
your findings. How are your findings related to the big picture?\n<\/div>\n
Component 7: References\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Start a new page and center the word \u201cReferences\u201d at the top.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Use APA guidelines for documenting sources.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 The references listed in the Reference section must match those used in the body of the report.\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 Only list references that you read in entirety. For example, if you read about Study X in Study Y\u2019s\n<\/div>\n
report, you should only include Study Y in the reference Section. Study X should be cited (using\n<\/div>\n
secondary source citation format) in the lit review.<\/div>\n
Component 8: Appendices\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 This section is where you may place any additional information such as statistical calculations or\n<\/div>\n
copies of materials like word lists or surveys. Everything in the appendix must be referred to\n<\/div>\n
somewhere in the body of the report.Component 8: Appendices\n<\/div>\n
\u2022 This section is where you may place any additional information such as statistical calculations or\n<\/div>\n
copies of materials like word lists or surveys. Everything in the appendix must be referred to\n<\/div>\n
somewhere in the body of the report.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

uded in this guide are suggestions for formatting and writing each component of a research report as well as tips for writing in a style appropriate for Psychology papers. Remember, it is always best to check with your department-approved writing book and your professor if you have any questions or concerns. Component 1: The Title […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"disciplines":[196],"paper_types":[],"tagged":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/12189"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/questions"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12189"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/questions\/12189\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"disciplines","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disciplines?post=12189"},{"taxonomy":"paper_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper_types?post=12189"},{"taxonomy":"tagged","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.goodacademic.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tagged?post=12189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}